22 nov History in detail. Call of Duty: Vanguard

Good day to everyone. Recently, the new part of Call of Duty in the setting of the Second World War took place. And on the Internet, fierce disputes are held on many topics: reliability, credibility, compliance with temporary eras.

In one of the last videos, the developers said that their stories were completely invented, but they tried to enter them so that they organically look in the setting of the Second World War. This fact will be very important both in analysis and perception.

Characters and mission

Polina Petrova. Stalingrad battle

I’ll start a story about operatives with a close CIS game Polina Petrova, who was created on the actually existing Soviet sniper Lyudmila Pavlichenko.
She was born on July 12, 1916 in the city of Belaya Church of the Kyiv region. After graduation, she worked for several years at the Arsenal plant. After some time, Lyudmila entered Kyiv State University at the Faculty of History. During the student, she took possession of the skill of sniper shooting at an osopoeiah. For her thesis, in the spring of 1941, Lyudmila went to Odessa. But the attack of fascist Germany has changed plans. The volunteer signed up in the military enlistment office and she was credited to the 25th sniper platoon to them. IN. AND. Chapaeva, which was part of the Primorsky Army. At the very beginning of the battle path, she had to take part in the defense of Odessa.

In October 1941, the Primorsky Army was transferred to Crimea to help in the defense of Sevastopol. In mountainous areas, frequent bad weather, under constant explosions and shots, Lyudmila had to hide and take up positions. Sometimes I had to wait and endure the whole day, or even more, to take an accurate and inconspicuous shot. But all this was not in vain, and every day her score of the dead enemies only grew, and the end of 1941 he was 179 defeated enemies. In March 1942 – 259 neutralized opponents, and in June of this year there were already 309 confirmed destruction of enemy soldiers and officers, including 36 enemy snipers. This is the best result among women-snipers!

Over these two difficult years, Lyudmila was seriously injured several times, and even fell under mortar fire. But despite all the hardships, she continued to fight the invader. In addition, during the period of defensive battles, Lyudmila was able to train many snipers, passing on to the front -line soldiers her experience.

Lyudmila Pavlichenko with a rifle in the trench. 1942. Photo by Soviet correspondent TASS Ozersky Israel Abramovich

And only when all the forces were spent, it was evacuated from the besieged Sevastopol to the Caucasus. In September 1942, she went as part of the Soviet military delegation in the USA, Canada and Great Britain. She was the first Soviet citizen, who was accepted in the White House, where she had dined with President Roosevelt and his wife Eleanor, who was very good about the Soviet soldier. She visited 43 cities of North America and said hundreds of speeches.

Speech by Lyudmila at one of the meetings in the USA

At one of the meetings with journalists, after the next questions about the details of the life of a woman-soldier, she said the legendary phrase:

I am 25 years old, at the front I managed to destroy 309 fascist invaders. Doesn’t it seem to you, gentlemen, that you have been hiding behind me for too long?

This phrase tore off the applause and brought the American public closer to understanding what was happening on the Eastern Front and the need to open the second front.

Interesting fact: Pavlichenko’s Western nickname “Lady Death” is very similar to Polina’s playful nickname – “Lady Nightingale”.

On October 25, 1943, Lyudmila Pavlichenko was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. There was no legendary sniper on October 27, 1974.

It would seem that the art of a sniper is not a female business at all. But the student of the University of Kyiv became a real thunderstorm for enemies and one of the symbols of victory for the allies!

One of the bloody battles can be considered the Battle of Stalingrad, on the outcome of which the outcome of the Second World War depended. The first mission for Polina will show the first day of the battle in the city and the enemy’s air attack on August 23, and the second will show the final stage of the Battle of Stalingrad in January 1943. It is worth noting that the game has references to the 138th Infantry Division, which includes Polina Petrova on the Bound of the game. In reality, on October 14, 1942, this division was included in the 62nd armies of the Stalingrad Front, which was engaged in the defense of a number of borders of the city. But about everything in order.

After the battle for Moscow, the German army was stopped and thrown away from the capital by 300 kilometers. This meant that Germany did not have the possibility of an offensive on all fronts. By the summer, the Nazis developed a plan for an attack on the south of the USSR, with the aim of capturing oil access. For this, Hitler sent the army "South" and divided into two parts. Group “A” continued the attack on the Caucasus, and Group “B”, under the command of Colonel General Pauls, was to reach the Volga in order to cut strategic communications between the territories of the USSR.
The group "B" included:

Later several buildings were included in this composition.

The Stalingrad Front included the composition of the 21st, 62nd, 63rd and 64th armies, under the command of the Marshal of the Soviet Union Semen Tymoshenko. There was a thing:

These forces had to defend an extensive front in a width of 500 kilometers.

The enemy began the offensive on July 17, 1942, and during the battle on July 22, Soviet soldiers had to retreat. The Wehrmacht command decided to surround the units of the Red Army, seize crossings and continue the attack on the city. Partially, the enemy managed to do this – from the south to break through the defense of the Soviet troops, thereby forcing them to retreat to the outskirts of the city. The threat of capture of the city became tangible. On August 23, Stalingrad’s bombing began. More than 2000 sorties were made. Bombed everything: houses, stations, factories. The city of truly burned. Even the Volga burned. As a result, more than 80% of the buildings were destroyed, more than 90,000 civilians died.

Stalingrad bombardment. August 23, 1942

By September 12, the enemy came close to the city. Soviet troops transferred to the right bank of the Volga. An order was given: Stalingrad did not take! City battles began the next and ended on November 19, when Soviet troops went on a counterattack as part of the Uranus operation. The defense of Stalingrad was assigned to the 62nd Army. One of the serious battles occurred on September 17 at the station. Within a day, he passed four times from hand to hand. Soon, the Germans realized that in the city center they could not be successful, and therefore they concentrated the forces to strike eastward.

The most fierce battles went for Mamaev Kurgan – the highest point of the city. The Germans did not expect such resistance and were forced to use heavy weapons. In the destroyed city, the Germans’ technique could not move calmly than the Red Army began to use. They began to work in small detachments using anti-tank guns, bottles with incendiary mixture, hand machine guns, machine guns and sharpened sakering blades. In addition, the tactics of the Soviet troops – to fight at a distance of up to 30 meters, did not allow aviation, artillery and the mortars of the enemy to fire support.

The German mortar calculation is preparing to open fire during fighting in Stalingrad. The position is equipped in a funnel in front of a hit Soviet tank

While the 62nd Army restrained the onslaught of the enemy, the supreme command was developing a plan aimed at a crushing attack on the forces of the enemy. The plan came by virtue of November 19.

On November 23, the Red Army surrounded part of the Wehrmacht troops, and the next day, more than 30,000 Wehrmacht soldiers capitulated. In December, German troops went on the offensive and encountered the 2nd Guards Army of Malinovsky. The Germans had to retreat to their former positions.

On January 10, 1943, the final operation of the Red Army began to eliminate the Stalingrad group of the Nazis "Ring". January 26, as a result of the attack of the Soviet troops, it was possible to split the remnants of the enemy’s forces into two parts. After, the soldiers began to surrender, and on February 2 the Battle of Stalingrad was completed.

Arthur Kingsley and Richard Webb. Operation "Tonga"

Arthur Kingsley and Richard Webb

Arthur Kingsley and Richard Webb

It was the turn of the history of the two British special forces who took part during the operation "Tonga".

I’ll start with Arthur Kingsley. For many, the Afro -browan has become an object of mass anger and an exclamation about the ubiquitous agenda. But in fact there was a similar soldier in the ranks of the British special forces. This is Sidney Cornell. There is very little information about him and this is what I managed to find about him.

Sidney Cornell was born in Portsmouth December 26, 1914. Some sources say that his father was an African American, and that Sydney was engaged in boxing before the war and won the reputation of an amateur boxer. During the Second World War, he joined the parachute regiment, and he was sent to the 7th parachute battalion of the company “B” as a runner. In 1943, he went through parachute training and had excellent skills. His report says that he was the best performer, smart and enthusiastic.

During the landing in Normandy on June 10, 1944, the division of the 346th German division, using the Breville breakthrough, advanced to Ranville, but were stopped by the fire of the 13th parachute-long battalion, and then the 7th battalion. The surviving opponents retreated to the Le-Marike forest. The 7th battalion was ordered to clean the specified area. Their attack was crowned with great success, and Lieutenant Colonel Pine-Koffin described the next moment in which Cornell played his role:

The company “B” came out after 16:00, and followed by the headquarters of the advanced battalion, and found that the first forest was like a fruit garden, and the second was a thicker. They were ordered to clean both forests, while company “A” was put forward to the start line to fight in a mixed forest. The company “B” did not find anything in the garden, but ran into little troubles from the snipers in a thick hedge bordering on the second forest. Commander Major Neil very wisely ignored snipers until he reached the limit of his goal. Only then could he allow himself to track himself down and deal with them one at a time. He himself went for one of them with ordinary Cornell. These two went into the hedge until they saw a sniper, whom they immediately shot, but not earlier than he himself received a successful shot, which came to Major Nila in the leg.

Nile’s wound was serious, which required his evacuation from Normandy.

On July 10, the company “B” was ordered to take a complex raid in the Bu-de-Bavent area, to the building known as the “Farm of Bob”. Strong resistance was met, and Lieutenant Colonel Pine-Koffin again describes Cornell’s participation:

Major Keen decided to leave the ravine and rush to the farm through the open space, using the platoon lieutenant Pape and his own staff group to gain a foothold on the farm as soon as possible … Pithip’s platoon, together with the foreman Pentis, ordinary Cornell and ordinary batler, broke inside the farm. For several minutes, hell was released, but soon he found himself in their hands with some valuable prisoners. Among these prisoners are four Germans, whose leader spoke English and immediately placed himself and his people at the disposal of the attackers; They worked very well during the raid for the wounded on both sides.

For excellent behavior throughout the campaign in Normandy, both the runner and the soldier, Cornell was increased to the sergeant and awarded the medal "For outstanding merits". Lieutenant Colonel Pine-Koffin noted the following:

This soldier was one of the paratroopers who landed in the rear of German troops in Normandy on the night of June 5 to 6, 1944. Over the next five weeks, he was in almost continuous battles of the most difficult and difficult nature. Cornell was a company commander and repeatedly passed messages through the most difficult and accurate fire of enemy mortars and machine guns. Four times wounded in battle, this soldier has never been evacuated and continues his work fun and effectively. Members of the battalion committed a lot of brave acts, but to maintain courage, nothing exceeds Cornell’s efforts. His courage and many wounds made him a famous and respected character not only in his own battalion, but throughout the brigade.

On June 18, 1944, his company raided the enemy’s strong positions in the Bu-de-Bavan area. The situation was stronger than expected, the team was in a difficult position, and the wireless system was destroyed. Cornell was sent back with oral message, and during the trip he was wounded, but continued, correctly passed his message and went with the answer. He was wounded a second time on the way back, but continued again and again transmitted the message correctly. During the rest of this raid, despite his two wounds, he was distinguished by courage and swiftness. The courage and devotion to the duty shown by Cornell this time inspired everyone who witnessed this. He made such runs countless times.
On July 10, 1944, his company again fought in the same area, and again, as usual, the complete neglect of Cornell to his own security was the main topic of discussion among his comrades in the soldier. He never refused the correct transmission of the message, despite the fact that he usually carried it through a hail of enemy mortar bombs and shells, and also very often fell under aimed machine gun fire.

Cornell was a participant in further actions during the Ardennee operation and took part in the Rhine Airborne Operation in March 1945. During this operation, the battalion Cornell was given the task of ensuring the safety of the bridge in the German city of Neustadt. A local resident warned Major Reed, commander Cornell, that the bridge would be blown up. Reed decided to rush to the bridge and try to capture him intact and safety. A small group of soldiers crossed the bridge, but many others, including Cornell, died when German troops blew up the bridge.

Sidney Cornell died at the age of 29. He was buried in the field next to the bridge along with other killed members of the detachment. Now he is buried in the military cemetery of Beklingen with a view of the Luneberg wasteland, in Germany.

Grave Cindy Cornell

Grave Cindy Cornell

Now we go to the second character.

For Richard Webb, a prototype was an officer of the British Army, Lieutenant Colonel Terents Otui, who is known as the commander of the airborne attack on the fire batteries during the operation "Tonga". In the beginning I will talk about Webb, and then about the operation itself. Otway was born in Cairo on June 15, 1914 in the American hospital. He studied at primary school until 1928 and in high school until 1932.

In January 1933, Otway entered the Royal Military College in Sandhert, where he received the title of Sergeant-Cadet. In August 1934, he was admitted to the 2nd battalion of the royal shooters Olster, based in Gravese. In the fall of 1935, Otuay was sent to the 1st battalion, based in Hong Kong. In August 1937, he received the title of lieutenant and returned to the battalion, which was sent to Shanghai as part of the international forces sent to protect the settlement from the Japanese invading China. The battalion for four months reflected constant bombing, artillery and machine gun fire of the Japanese, and eventually lost twenty people from the personnel. After, in December 1937, the detachment was sent to India, and six weeks later, Otuy was sent to Pakistan as a communications officer.

In December 1940, Otuay received the title of Major. In June 1941, he entered the headquarters college. In 1942, he served as a headquarters officer in London, responsible for briefings and information documents. In July 1943, he returned to the regiment of the royal shooters Olster as a company commander. The battalion was part of the 6th airborne division. In August 1943, Otuay moved to a parachute regiment to become deputy commander of the 9th parachute battalion. In March 1944, he received the title of lieutenant colonel and took the post of commander.

In the landing in Normandy took place in June 1944. His detachment was given the task of June 6 at night to storm the Merville artillery battery. Despite serious problems with the landing and loss in personnel, the detachment completed the tasks. Soon, his battalion then entered Le-film, where they encountered fierce resistance, captured Shato Saint-Kom and managed to recapture two enemy attacks, each of which lasted several hours. Two days later, during the usual bypass of his positions, Ternes received a serious head injury. He was diagnosed with a severe concussion, and on July 19, 1944 he was later evacuated to the hospital. Soon he was sent as a headquarters to the military ministry. In October 1944, Otway was awarded the Order of Outstanding Merit for the outstanding leadership in Merville and Le-film. Terens Otuay died July 23, 2006.

Unlike game incarnations, Ternes was alive at the time of the game, while Arthur died in the battle. The game is the opposite.

If you believe the data, then both heroes took part in the operation "Tons", namely in one of its parts – the assault on the Merville battery. Terens Otuay was the commander of the 9th battalion, and Arthur Kingsley, according to the Laura of the game, was part of the 9th battalion. And also the 9th battalion was assigned to the 7th battalion, in which Sidney Cornell was. Here is such a combo!

The purpose of the operation was to neutralize the artillery battery carefully guarded by the Germans in Mervil, armed with large -caliber long -range guns. The intelligence of the Allies believed that the fire of the battery was able to cause significant damage to the British troops landing on the coast of Sort-Beach. Therefore, the neutralization of the battery was one of the priority goals of the landing. The task-neutralize the battery-was delivered to the 9th parachute battalion of Great Britain.

The operation began after midnight. But because of the problems with guidance, during the landing, the paratroopers were scattered in a large area, and as a result, only 150 out of 600 paratroopers, without weapons, got to the place of gathering the battalion. Understanding the need to fulfill the task, before the allies on the coast began to land, Otway decided to go to artillery with what is.

Soon, the reconnaissance group Major Smith joined him. The scouts fully completed the tasks assigned to them according to the plan: they cut the barbed wire and cleared four passes through the minefield. Since the destroyers and a special marking ribbon disappeared along with the planets, the scouts had to crawl out, to neutralize mines, marrying the boundaries of safe passages by traces of shoes.

By morning, the British special forces was in place. Divided into several groups, they started an attack on the target. During a bloody assault, the paratroopers found that other guns were installed that posed a threat to the British fleet. Several dozen British paratroopers who survived after the attack managed to disable two of the four artillery guns in the casemates, using the small amount of explosives, which they had and military ingenuity.

By 05:00 the battle is a verse, and the paratroopers gave a conditional signal about the success of a yellow smoke bomb. Fearing that the cruiser would still start shelling after half an hour, so they hurried to leave the dangerous area as soon as possible. This allowed the Germans to take it again and partially restore the guns. The next day, the British commandos tried to capture the battery again, but to no avail. German troops, although they could not conduct effective fire on the troops of the Allied, held their positions until August 17, 1944, after which they retreated.

The total loss of the battalion https://winshark-casino.co.uk/bonus/ on June 6, 1944 amounted to 94 people killed, 167 wounded and 194 missing. There were units of captured paratroopers, since the order was in the German troops: not captured enemy paratroopers, but shoot on the spot. The Wehrmacht lost 22 people killed and approximately as many prisoners during the assault on the battery, only six people from the entire garrison were not injured.

Contrary to the acute lack of forces for the assault, the 9th battalion at the cost of heavy own losses saved many soldier’s lives on the coast.

Wade Jackson. Battle for Midway

Wade’s image is based on an American pilot of the 6th intelligence squadron Vernone Larsen Michael. Information about this military is extremely few.

Vernon Larsen Michael was born on August 20, 1917 in Davvenport, Aiv. In 1939 he graduated from the University of Iova. November 14, 1940 he entered a military school. During the Second World War, he served in the US Navy at the Enterprise aircraft carrier as part of the 6th intelligence squadron.

Photos of the 6th intelligence squadron of fighter-bombers

Photos of the 6th intelligence squadron of fighter-bombers

Enterprise was also one of the ships that entered the battle with the Japanese fleet during the battle for Midway. During this battle, Michael skillfully managed his dive bomber Dauntless, applying several direct hits over the enemy aircraft carriers. In another battle in the Gulf of Manila, he was recommended for rewarding the cross for outstanding merits before the flight, which he later received.

This battle was the largest in the war so far and turned out to be a decisive moment in the war. For his actions during the battle for Midway, Mike received a naval cross-the highest award that can be awarded to any Navy.

The President of the United States of America is happy to handle the naval cross to the ensign to Vernon Larsen Michil, the US Naval reservation, for exceptional heroism in operations against the enemy, when he served as a pilot of the 6th reconnaissance squadron, attached to the Enterprise, during the Air Battle of Midway against the Japanese troops June 4-6, 1942. Michael participated in the destructive attack of the Japanese fleet of invasion. With courage and decisive devotion to his duty continued to attack, despite the formidable flurry of anti -aircraft fire and fierce resistance of fighters. His courageous persistence and complete neglect of his own personal security were important factors that contributed to the success achieved by our troops, and corresponded to the highest traditions of the United States naval service.

Later he took part in the Korean and Vietnamese war. Was in service until 1972 and rose to the title of captain. Vernon Larsen Michael died on July 29, 2010 at the age of 92.

In the game we will participate in one of the days in the battle for Midway. This battle lasted from June 4 to June 7, 1942. The Japanese, after a successful attack on Pearl Harbor and the seizure of the territory of the South of Asia, decided to strengthen their positions in the Pacific Ocean. The choice fell on the island of Midway. He was at that time strategic importance – he occupied a favorable position towards Hawaii and the Aleutian islands – the shortest transshipment point with the United States. In the spring of 1942, the main forces of the Japanese fleet were transferred from the Indian Ocean to the Pacific, in order to impose a decisive battle to the American fleet. However, the Americans managed to decipher the messages and the Japanese plan and prepare for the battle. The US Navy commander Admiral Nimitz knew that the Japanese would nominate four heavy aircraft carriers and up to two lungs. For their part, the United States could put up three of the same type of aircraft carriers. By the end of May 1942, the American fleet was ready to attack the enemy. Air intelligence and patrols of submarines were constantly carried out.

The Japanese fleet consisting of 4 heavy aircraft carriers came with the support of line forces:

Admiral Nimitz decided not to spray and not the strongest fleet in front of the enemy.

On June 4, the first day of the battle began. The first to learn the enemy was the United States. They were ready to attack and continued air patrols. The Japanese were able to learn about only one of the three aircraft carriers. Thus, they decided to quit all his strength at Midway, and not on the forces of the US Navy, which became a fatal mistake. In addition, they learned about two aircraft carriers quite late, and it was impossible to turn the course of forces.

While the Japanese Navy lost precious time and were engaged in rearmament, American planes were already flying to enemy positions. According to the two aircraft carriers of the Japan, 80 aircraft worked, which included Douglas SBD Dauntless and Douglas TBD Devastor, as well as Grumman F4f WildCat fighters.

Douglas SBD Dauntless, Douglas Tbd Devastor and Grumman F4F WildCat

Douglas SBD Dauntless, Douglas Tbd Devastor and Grumman F4F WildCat

Douglas SBD Dauntless, Douglas Tbd Devastor and Grumman F4F WildCat

Another group of US bombers attacked the third enemy aircraft carrier. The decks of the Japanese were smashed into chips, the ammunition exploded, the fuel burned, the planes did not even have time to take off. By noon, three heavy aircraft carriers of the empire sank.

First photo of the battle for Midway. Japanese heavy cruiser after the bombardment of US aircraft carrier aviation. June 4, 1942

The next day the last heavy aircraft carrier was destroyed. The Japanese tried to sink the aircraft carrier Yorrtaun, but they managed to do this only by June 6.

In just a few hours of the Armad of the Japanese fleet and several hundred aircraft, a hundred American aircraft were destroyed. The country of the rising could no longer restore its forces and its position in the ocean was undermined.

Lucas Riggs. The siege of Tobruk

The prototype of Lucas Riggs was the New Zealand soldier Charles Hazlitt Apham, which was part of the 20th New Zealand battalion.

Apham was born on September 21, 1908 in the family of lawyer John Hazlitt Apham and his wife Agatha Mary Coutts. From an early age, he was a quiet and unusually decisive boy, and repeatedly intervened to protect classmates who mocked. Apham studied at the Canterbury Agricultural College, where in 1930 he received a diploma of an agricultural specialist. At first he worked as a sheep, then a manager, and then engaged in the evaluation of farms for the Government of New Zealand. In 1937, he joined the assessment department as an assistant district appraiser. In 1939, he received a diploma of a specialist for the assessment of the farm. In September 1939, Apham signed up in the 2nd New Zealand expeditionary corps at the age of 30 and was sent to the 20th Kenterbury-Otago battalion, which was part of the 2nd New Zealand division. Although he already had five years of experience in the territorial forces of the New Zealand army, in which he had the title of sergeant, he entered the service as an ordinary. Soon he was raised to a temporary junior corporal, but at first he refused a place in the educational unit of officers-cadets. In December, he received the title of sergeant and a week later sailed to Egypt. In July 1940, he was finally convinced to go to the training unit of cadet officers.

In March 1941, the Apham battalion went to Greece, and then went to Crete, and in the battles for Crete Rigs was wounded in battle at the end of May 1941, as a result of which he received his first cross of Victoria – the highest military award of the UK, which is awarded for heroism manifested in the combat situation. He received the next cross in 1942 during the battle on the El-Ruvisat ridge.

Junior Lieutenant Charles Hazlitt Apham congratulates his platoon sergeant after presenting the award. Filmed by an unknown photographer in November 1941

In 1943, Apham was captured by the Germans. He tried several times to escape from captivity and only in 1945 he managed to free himself, after the allied troops were able to rescue him. After the war, Apham returned to farm life in Kenterbury, where he died on November 22, 1994 at the age of 86.

Modest and selfless, but extremely persistent and purposeful, Apham has become a symbol of the firm determination and professionalism of the New Zealand division in the Second World War.

I can assume that the siege of Tobruk could serve as the basis of the mission. After all, Riggs served both in the 20th New Zealand battalion and the 9th Australian division. They took both in this battle. If in the game the month is indicated as March, then in reality the siege began on April 10 and lasted until December 10, 1941.

For most of the siege of Tobruk, the Australian 9th division of Lieutenant General Leslie Morsheed prevented the defense. Sir Archibald Waywell, Commander-in-Chief of Great Britain in the Middle East, ordered the Morsheed to hold the Tobruk for 8 weeks, but the Australians defended the fortress for 5 months before, at the request of their command on August 12, the 70th English infantry brigade and the 11th Czechoslovak infantry infantry were replaced battalion under the general command of the English Major General Ronald Skoybi. These forces defended Tobruk until the end of November, when the siege of the city was removed by the 8th British Army, which carried out the Operations Crystarius operation. Sea operation of the British and Australian Navy to support Tobruk’s supply played a crucial role in the defense of the city. During it from the besieged fortress, more than 34,000 soldiers, 7000 prisoners and 7000 wounded were evacuated. About 34,000 tons of food and ammunition were delivered to Tobruk. At the same time, the allies lost 27 vessels from the actions of the enemy fleet and aviation.

Defenders adopted the excellent network of underground defensive positions of Tobruk, which were built before the war with the Italian army. The propagandist of Germany William Joyce began to describe besieged people living like rats in underground dugouts and caves. In radio programs, he mockingly called the garrison "Tobruka rats". In the same way, the aging warships that supplied and evacuated Tobruk were also called German propaganda "scrap metal". The ships became known to the garrison as the Flotilla of the Metalolom and the Tobruk Barry Service. The Australians regained this name as a sign of pride, reaching their own unofficial medal with the image of a rat. Metal for the manufacture of medals was taken from a German bomber, which rats were shot down with captured German guns. Throughout the conflict, the enemy had at least twice as large and advantage in the form of strong air support, while the garrison of Tobruk had weak air support due to remoteness from his airbrush. This made the supply of the garrison, always by sea, very difficult, since the ships had to come, unload and leave under the cover of darkness.

The preservation of Tobruk under his control was crucial for the actions of the Allied forces in North Africa. Tobruk was the only large port in Tunisia to Alexandria, for about 1600 km. The capture of Tobruk with Italo-German troops greatly simplified the supply of the latter; In addition, after the capture of this city, Rommel’s corps could freely continue the offensive through the Libyan-Egyptian border to Cairo and Alexandria, without fear of a blow from the rear from the garrison of Tobruk.

The defense of Tobruk’s allies played a decisive role in the stop of the tank forces of the German Corps “Africa”, which during its April offensive was able to defeat the British troops in the Western Cyrenia and capture her cities such as: turna, depends on the Msus and Bengham. Despite the fact that the persistent defense of the Allies allowed them to keep the Tobrooke in 1941, this city was still occupied by the axis troops on June 21, 1942 after the defeat of the allied forces at the Battle of Gazal.

Gadgets and body kit

Criticism of Call of Duty is repeatedly present, about the fact that during the Second World War, various sights were installed on the weapon. And at that time there were no sights. In fact, everything was different.

The first colmitter sight was developed by Irish Howard Grabb in 1900. In the future, on its basis, they will begin to create sights on a similar principle of action for various kinds of technology and weapons.

A year later, Howard Grabb created a compact version of the collimator sight suitable for hand -made firearms and small devices. The sight was upgraded, the lighting of the aiming brand was improved by placing the illuminator on its front side from above, as a result of the light, it was reflected from the transmitting mirror, and then from the concave glass in the eye to the observer. Alas, due to fragility and technical restrictions, the sight did not gain great popularity.

They were first used in 1918 on Albatros D fighters.V and Fokker DR.1. The sights were the production of Optische Anstalt Oigee, manufactured according to the grabba patent, electric light was used as a backlight of the aiming grid.

In the future, aviation collimator sights were improved, their principle remained the same. Collimator sights were widely used in aviation, in anti -aircraft installations, anti -tank artillery, mortars.

Soon after World War II, collimator sights appeared for rifles and shotgun. The first such sight was Nydar Shotgun Sight created in 1945. He uses a curved translucent mirror to reflect light to illuminate the aiming brand. Giese Electric Gunsight appeared in 1947 and was equipped.

Do not forget about night sights and. In Germany in 1939 there were the first prototypes of optical sights for fighting at night. In 1944, the production of the first night sight Zielgerät 1229 Vampir began.

The device was based on light bulbs under the filter, which missed only the infrared part of the world. It was installed on STG 44, also on machine guns MG-34 and MG-42. The production of small parties began in 1944, but the first of them entered service only in February 1945. By the end of the war, 310 such devices were used in the Wehrmacht, mainly on the Eastern Front. In the reports of eyewitnesses of that time, you can read about “snipers who hunted opponents at night with large non -flipping headlights installed on equally huge optical sights”.

The mass of the sight was about 2 kilograms. The kit included a battery and batteries for power, which were placed on a support frame on the back of a soldier.

In the same years, the first IC-ONRACE OF ISKRA was also developed in the USSR (Army C-3 Army Index). It was specially created for engineering troops. The sight was ruled by two operators. The first operator was to find a target using an infrared binoculars and illuminate it with an IR lighter with a capacity of 30 W. The second operator was aimed and shot. The sight allowed night shooting at targets at a distance of 60 to 100 meters. Alas, but in combat conditions it was not used.

We can say that in general, such devices could be in Vanguard. Yes, this is a game convention, but in the game they tried to convey as possible, those technologies that existed at the time of the game.

Castomization of weapons

It was possible to make your favorite weapon for yourself not only virutal, but also real. And during the Second World War, it was quite real. After all, in order to fight the enemy, weapons must be adjusted for itself, thereby increasing the efficiency of shooting and ease of use.
For example, there are several clear examples of such a Castomiz at that time.

From pistols I can give an example of a real prototype “Special Kolt”, made by an American master-warehouse in the 30s of the twentieth century. Such a gun was used by Gangster Malysh Nelson. From the usual M1911, this model is characterized by an automatic shooting mode, an enlarged store for 25 rounds, the muzzle brake installed and the front handle from M1A1.

For the MP-40 there were various options for improvements:

The muffler Hub L41, for the use of which a special cartridge with a reduced mass of gunpowder was made. If you believe the sources, then the massive nozzle did not go into production and about 1,500 pieces were released in total;

The store filler. A special device consisting of a metal case, which was attached to the neck of the store. There was a lever in the upper part of the device, with which cartridges were sank into the store;

Winter trigger. It was a sheet metal box with a removable sidewall and a trigger, which was below the fence of a standard trigger, which allowed him to press a finger in a mitten. At the front, such devices were extremely rare.

Mp40 with a silencer and zThe launch of the trigger

Mp40 with a silencer and zThe launch of the trigger

There was also an experimental version of MP-40/I with two stores. It differed from the usual one by the possibility of loading not only one, but also two stores. MP-40/I was developed, tested and used as a prototype in the first half of 1943 and even an official state list of armament of the German army and SS troops was introduced in June 1943 of the same year. All copies of this MP-40/I used with a double store were produced at Steir and Erma firms.

According to information from the preserved documentation, the power supply system of weapons, and not just the MP-40 of two stores, was highly developed and partially tested by ERMA specialists. This version is confirmed by the Germans of another submachine gun, known as the EMR-44, a model of experimental weapons, also designed to use a pair of stores. The development of this weapon began in 1942, but for unknown reasons for the work on the model of the machine gun, the EMR-44 submachine gun were discontinued after the manufacture of a small number of experimental units, after which, the company transferred the finished device for attaching a pair of stores to the MP-40 automatic. Most likely, so MP-40/I appeared.

For STG44, in addition to a night sight, a device for shooting was developed due to shelters.

During the battles on the Eastern Front, the Wehrmacht was faced with the need to create a weapon that could help fight the enemy’s manpower, which was in the non -zones of the flooring of the flooring. By the end of 1943, the German company Rheinmetall received an order to develop special devices – curved trunks. In July 1944, prototypes were presented on STG-44. When firing with single cartridges at a distance of 100 meters, dispersion was 35 centimeters, and the survivability of such a device was estimated at 2000 shots. By the end of the summer of 1944, the Wehrmacht weapons management managed to issue an order for the manufacture of 10,000 such devices for firing in a short time due to shelters. Such curved trunks received the designation Vorsatz J.

In order to ensure aimed shooting from the shelter, two types of sights were designed: prismatic and mirror. Periscopic sights significantly increased the capabilities of the STG44 with a special barrel-pitch. The periscopic sight included the flush and the periscy-mirror system of lenses, with which the shooter could conduct aimed fire. The aiming line passing through the fly of the machine gun and the sector sight, was refracted in the lenses and deviated down.

The assault rifle equipped with Vorsatz J. Such weapons could take aiming at a range of up to 400 meters. They did not manage to complete all work on the creation of curved trunks until the end of the war in Germany, since there were problems during the tests. Bullets deformed nozzles with a curved barrel, increasing the scattering and increased wear of the barrel channel in the muzzle area reduced the accuracy of shooting to 250 shots.

There were also alterations of weapons for another caliber. At the beginning of the war, as trophies, the Wehrmacht got a lot of PPSh. The Germans liked the Soviet submachine gun and the factories established its serial alteration under the 9mm cartridge. The shaft of the barrel and the store has changed so that PPSh could use stores from MP40, and the bed from mp28 could also be used. The Wehrmacht weapons was put under the designation MP41 (R). About 10,000 copies were released in total.

Thompson’s American submachine gun had various types of models. There were both factory and artisan. As an example was a limited model in the form of a light machine gun, with an elongated barrel, a shortened model without a butt, with a curved store, options with an altered pace of shooting, and so on. Some were used by limited batches, such as Thompson LMG with bipods, and SMG options received more expanded use. I can say that each option found a place during the Second World War.

Model row of a Thompson submachine gun

Model row of a Thompson submachine gun

Based on the foregoing, I can say that the game can show a rich customization of the barrel and most of the options that can be assembled are approaching the indicated temporary period. I don’t argue that sometimes the fantasy of the developers goes very far: a folding butt on the STG-44, which cannot be due to the design features of the weapon, the butt from the PKM on the DP-27 and so on. But do not forget that the game should entertain, pleasantly surprise and delight the player. And with the rich variability of the modules for weapons, it copes completely.

STG44 and MP40 after customization in Vanguard

STG44 and MP40 after customization in Vanguard

Self -propelled mine "Goliath"

The controlled disposable caterpillar mine Goliath can be chosen as a field modification. Sonderkraftfahrzeg self -propelled mine “Goliath” – German ground -based caterpillar self -propelled mine. Management took place along the wire with a remote control at a distance.

Archive chronicles

This device contained about 100 kilograms of explosives. The main task was the destruction of technology, dense infantry formations and the destruction of buildings. For example, these mines were used in the Warsaw ghetto and during the Battle of Kursk.

The first models of mines with caterpillars were supplied by an electric engine, but it was very costly for the Wehrmacht, and new models began to use a 12 horsepower gasoline engine with a power of 12 horsepower.

Many military experts considered this weapon considered unsuccessful. And all for the following reasons:

Thin armor with one centimeter thick, which was not able to protect a self -propelled mine from any form of anti -tank weapons.

Produced in various variations under model numbers 302, 303, 303a, 303b and 3036. In total, more than 7,500 Goliath units were produced.

Description and principle of action

In the game, he is slightly different from the real analogue. The wires were removed, the speed and fuel consumption was increased, and the sound of the engine is very loud. And this is done for balance in the framework of game sessions.

Was it like that?

Girls at the front

During the Second World War on the battlefields, the courage and courage of a woman often showed. I will not talk in detail about all cases and I will give only a few examples.

46th Guards Night Bomber Aviation Regiment (previously 588th nightly bombing aviation regiment). The legendary "night witches" who brought fear and horror to the enemy. The aviation regiment was formed in October 1941 as the 588th nightly bombing aviation regiment.

Headed by Marina Raskov, the Soviet pilot-hecteur, the Major of the Air Force of the Red Army, one of the first women, awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union. The commander of the regiment was appointed Evdokia Bershanskaya, a pilot with ten years of experience. Under her command, the regiment fought until the end of the war.

The formation, training and coordination of the regiment was carried out in the city of Engels. The air regiment differed from other formations in that it was completely female. In all positions without exception – mechanics, pilots, nurse, ground team, repair teams were only girls. May 23, 1942 the regiment flew to the front, and arrived on May 27. Then its number was 115 people – the majority aged 17 to 22 years.

In service, the regiment had aircraft aircraft. In 1927, these aircraft was conceived as a machine for teaching pilots, but during the war it began to be used as a light night bomber, while causing tangible damage to the enemy. By the beginning of the war, there were only 20 cars in the regiment, then the number increased to 45. The maximum speed was only 120 km/h, which made it 2 vulnerable even for a pistol shot. In addition, the aircraft was devoid of any protection. About 300 kilograms of bombs contained on board the aircraft. And to add a few more explosives, many pilots refused to take parachutes and machine guns to repel attacks. During the night, the “witches” made 8-9 sorties, and in long winter nights, up to 18 sorties. On October 15, 1945, the regiment was disbanded.

During the military activity, the pilots made 23,672 sorties and threw almost three million bombing cargo and 26,000 ampoules with combustible liquid onto the enemy. According to far from incomplete data, the regiment destroyed and damaged 17 crossings, 9 railway trains, 2 railway stations, 46 warehouses with ammunition and fuel, 12 tanks with combustible, 1 aircraft, 2 barges, 76 vehicles, 86 firing points, 11 spotlights. 811 fires were caused in the camp of the enemy, 1092 high power explosion. The pilots dropped 155 bags with ammunition and food to our surrounded troops. The regiment aircraft were in combat flights 28,676 hours.

About the exploits of Soviet pilots, the Sabaton group wrote the song "Night Witches".

Sabaton – Night Witches

In addition to Lyudmila Pavlichenko, in the ranks of the Soviet Army there were no less famous female-snipers. There are fewer successful shots on their account, but their feat is no less significant.

There were also nurse, signalmen, participants in the underground traffic, drivers on the fields of war. In general, each helped the promotion of victory.

Examples of Soviet girls at the front

Examples of Soviet girls at the front

Examples of Soviet girls at the front

Examples of Soviet girls at the front

Of the Western representatives, I can note Nancy Wake and Simone Seguen.

Nancy Wake was a British agent and one of the leading figures in the resistance of Maki in the second half of the Second World War. Actively showed sabotage activities, which was unacceptable for the leadership of the Third Reich. By 1943, she was the most wanted by the Gestapo man and the price of 5 million francs was set for her head. Unfortunately Wake did not become August 7, 2011 at the age of 98.

Simone Seguen was one of the important leaders of the French resistance movement. Segun distinguished itself in the battles for Chartre and Paris, becoming one of the few partisans participating in street battles in cities. In a chartra, she personally captured 25 German soldiers, and in Paris she managed to occupy part of the city with the help of only twenty people, although she herself does not like to talk about it and often claims that her merits are exaggerated.

I can say that the number of girls who participated in the Second World War quite a lot and their contribution to victory was significant and important.

Color battalions

During the Numa Numa Trail mission, one of the main characters will be met by a detachment of American soldiers consisting completely of African American. For many, this will be a shock, but in reality there were similar military units in various kinds of troops:

93rd US Infantry Division
It was formed even during the First World War, and only in 1942 the division was re -activated with the designation of "color" infantry. Sending abroad began in 1944. Most of the division fell into the service of the Pacific theater of military operations, but the regiments of the division were mainly used in defensive operations. In 1945, the 93rd Infantry Division was deactivated, although the genealogy of several of its units was continued by Illinois and the National Guard of Maryland

"Pilots from Taskiga"

They were the first military-Afro-Americans in the US Armed Forces. Got its name in the city of Taskigi, in which they were trained. Group graduates formed the 332nd fighter group and the 477th group of US Air Force bombers. The name also refers to navigators, scorers, mechanics, instructors, crew chiefs, nurses, cooks and other auxiliary staff. They waged war in North Africa, Italy and Sicily.

761st tank battalion "Black Panther"

It was formed on March 15, 1942. The unit was transferred to the 3rd Army of General George Patton, one of the most outstanding American military leaders of the Second World War-by his personal order.Under his leadership, Panthers participated in many combat operations since 1944. They perfectly coped with their task.

Black Panthers joined the battle on November 7, 1944. Their Shermans participated in the liberation of Northern France and in the Ardennee operation, broke through the impregnable "line of Siegfried". And the true Aryans from the 11th volunteer tank and grenadier division of the Nordland troops and the 5th tank division of the SS troops Viking opposed the hope of the Black Race and General Patton. In addition, the African Americans did a great job in another mission. German saboteurs attacked to disguise themselves as American sentries, luring the gullible Yankees in an ambush. To solve this problem, Patton put in problem areas as time exceptions, allowing them to shoot suspicious white.

The 761st was known as “black panthers” due to a distinctive sign of the difference between their unit, on which there was a black panther’s head. Their motto was "go into battle". A large number of members received medals, including one honorary medal, 11 silver stars and about 300 purple hearts. The unit was called "one of the most effective tank battalions of the Second World War".

George s. Patton hangs the silver star to the ordinary Ernest. Jenkins from New York for his outstanding courage during the liberation of Chateoden, France, 1944

Corps of army nurses

It was founded already in 1901. With the exception of 18 women-medicier of African American origin, which served in the First World War, he remained white until 1941. Thanks to the pressure on the part of the National Association of Color Nurse and Eleanor Roosevelt, the army decided to take black nurses to serve.

In January 1941, the army opened its corps nurses for blacks, but installed a ceiling of 56 people. On June 25, 1941, by Decree of President Roosevelt 8802, a commission on fair practice of hiring was created, which headed the eradication of racial discrimination in the defense program. In June 1943, an amendment to the law on the preparation of nurses prohibiting racial prejudices was amended. Soon, 2000 blacks were enrolled in the cadet corps of nurses.

England. Major Chariti E. Adams and Captain Abby n. Campbell examines the first contingent of dark -skinned members of the Women’s Army Corps appointed abroad

Quota for black army nurses was canceled in July 1944. More than 500 black army nurses served in the United States and almost throughout the theater of military operations: almost all of Asia, Australia, New Guinea, Liberia, England and the Philippines.

The Middle Eastern Wehrmacht battalions

Before the Second World War, the Wehrmacht searched for possible allies among the British and French colonies in Asia and Africa. Arabs, Hindus, Africans oppressed by European colonialists were considered by the Third Reich as forces for the struggle against the UK and France. First of all, the German leadership relied on the Middle East, as it planned to seize oil deposits and establish control of the Suez Canal. In addition, the resentment of the population of the Middle East and Africa could be used against European colonizer countries.

In May 1941, a special building “F” was created, at the head of which General Luftwaffe Gelmut Felmi was appointed. The name of the corps was taken due to the name of the chief. In 1940, he was sent with a special military mission to Iraq. Thus began his "eastern" military career. His work was entrusted with the task of managing intelligence-sabotage and subversive activities in the Middle East and in the Caucasus. The incitement of anti -British sentiments in the Middle East and North Africa was seen as an integral component of ensuring the invasion of Nazi troops into the region and the outbreak of war with the British troops.

Combat baptism began during the Edelweiss operation, the main task of which was to break through to the oil producing regions of the North Caucasus and Transcaucasia. To participate, it was decided to use the international legion. On August 5, 1942, a transfer from the camp in Greece to the territory of Eastern Europe began. The corps was supposed to be used as a reserve of the headquarters of Army Group A in the city of Stalino (Donetsk). Having captured the Caucasus, the corps was supposed to unite in the Middle East with the German and Italian troops, which set the tasks of capturing the zone of the Suez Canal. By October 3, 1942, the transfer of parts of the “f” building in Stalin was completed.